Partian Fortresses of Nissa
Old Nisa and New Nisa
Old Nisa
Is a natural hill, about 14 ha wide, surrounded by high defensive earthen ramparts with 40 rectangular towers, the top of the hill was flattened and levelled with layers of earth. number and location of gates have not yet been identified. it is presumed that the main and perhaps the only entrances was at the center of the western part of the surrounding wall. the fortress constist of a northern complex and a central complex.
Northern Complex
The Northern Complex includes the so-called large square building in which the royal treasury, wine vaults and auxiliary buildings have been identified. In this area, the most famous pieces of art of Old Nisa, as the Rodogoune marble statue, the Goddess of Nisa marble statue, elaborate ivory rhythons drinking vessels, fragments of royal thrones and more than 2000 pieces of ceramics ostraka representing house keeping documents were discovered.
Central Complex
The Central Complex consists of a Building with the Square Hall, a Building with the Round Hall, a Tower-like Building, a North-Eastern Building and a Columned Hall. The Building with the Square Hall is the most important building oof the Central Complex. It covers an area of about 1.000 square meters and has walls up to 5 meters thick. The North-Eastern Building consist of two decorated yards and rooms for domestic uses. It is considered as the palace of the Arsacid dynasty. The Tower-like Building has a massive aquare base of 20 by 20 meters. It is encircled by two rows of dark corridors, lit by narrow windows. The upper parts show traces of architectural decor and wall paintings depicting battle scenes. It houses a small museum of paintings and architectural elements. The Building with the Round Hall is a square building with a round hall of 17 meters in diameter. The building served religious purposes, it is, however, unclear if it was a temple, a mausoleum or the shrine of a hero. The Columned Hall consists of a large rectangular hall with four columns in the middle and served ceremonial purposes.
New Nisa
is located about 1,5 km north-west of Old Nisa. The tell with a surface of about 25 ha is surrounded on all sides by powerful walls with a height up to 9 meters. It has two entrances one from Bagyr village and one from the North West. In Parthian times, the city was divided into two parts, the upper city ark and the lower city shakhristan. The layout clearly indicates a densely populated town. The Parthian buildings are interpreted as remains of the fortress, burial houses and storehouses.